9 Things To Know Before Booking A Long Safari

I experienced the magic of my first African safari this year. It was long: three weeks to be exact. We drove from Cape Town, South Africa, to Johannesburg via Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe. Before going, I thought a safari was a jeep ride to see animals in the wild. It turns out those are called game drives, and are only one part of the safari adventure. I absolutely loved my experience; however, it’s worth knowing a few things before you book yours, especially if it’ll be for two weeks or more.

A safari truck in Africa. — Heather Markel

1. You’ll Do a Lot of Driving And Have A Lot of Early Starts

I hadn’t thought about how big Africa is. The drive from Cape Town to Victoria Falls is over 3,500 miles. This meant we drove all day, most days. In order to arrive at our destinations with daylight, we often had 6 a.m. starts. You can sleep during the long drives; however, roads are usually not paved. This means that the further back in the truck you sit, the more you’ll have “the African massage” — a euphemism for the very bumpy ride. However, there’s usually nothing to do at night, so you’ll happily drift off to sleep by 9 or 10 p.m., making the early rises easier.

2. Safaris Aren’t Great For The Diet (Or The Body)

The real challenge of a safari is that with all the driving, you’ll be sitting most of the day. By the end of three weeks, the arthritis in my knee got so bad I had trouble walking. You’ll be instructed to buy lots of water to stay hydrated, especially in hotter countries, like Namibia. The challenge is, rest stops are only every few hours, and there are no toilets on the safari vehicles. If you request a non-scheduled stop, it will be by the side of the road and nature will be your bathroom.

You’ll also be encouraged to buy snacks for the long drives. Unfortunately, there are lots of enticing things to eat that aren’t good for the waistline. After sitting and snacking for three weeks, my pants became visibly tighter. If healthy or specific snacks like protein bars are important to you, you might consider bringing some from home to cut down on junk food.

3. It Goes Quickly And Covers A Lot Of Ground

I thought a longer safari meant slower travel. Instead, it meant more ground covered. Even a three-week safari went extremely fast because we stopped in so many places. Most safaris are made for the traveler with limited time who wants to see as much as they can in short periods.

Even though my travel agent gave me an itinerary, during the safari, I found it hard to remember where we had been just a few days before. I suggest keeping a journal each day with any specific details you want to recall. Or, print your itinerary with spaces between each location so you can write notes about each place. Photos are also hard to recall if you don’t tag them quickly. Was that gorgeous sunset in Namibia or Botswana? Did I see that huge elephant in Chobe or Etosha? Taking notes is essential for remembering details later.

A safari tour crossing sand dunes in Africa. — Heather Markel

4. Be Honest About Your Travel Preferences

Depending on your budget and travel style, there are many ways to do a safari. Though the driving is always included, the lodging varies.

There are camping safaris, known as “overland” tours and accommodated tours, during which you’ll sleep in a lodge or hotel room. The more expensive the tour, the more luxurious your room. I did a budget accommodated tour. I found the lodges wonderful. They weren’t the Ritz Carlton, but they usually offered a good night’s rest and a decent shower and had mosquito nets.

The camping version is different than glamping (you’ll want to ask your tour company which version it offers). Overland camping safaris typically involve using “bush toilets” (a polite way to say you’ll be digging holes) or shared outdoor toilets. Glamping will offer you a bed in a tent and the possibility of a toilet, though it could be outdoors. You should ask whether or not you need to bring your own camping gear.

The type of tour you book will impact your food, which can range from budget to gourmet. On a budget tour, you’ll have some meals on your own account, meaning you have to buy some of them in a supermarket or at a restaurant. No matter which option you choose, expect the crew to be excellent at handling food allergies and dietary restrictions when they cook your meals.

5. Single Supplements Could Kill Your Budget

If you’re traveling solo, single supplements (the cost associated with participating solo on a tour that generally assumes the participation of couples) can be as high as one-third of the safari price. If you meet a fellow solo traveler and get along, you could share a room and get some of your money back. If you do more than one safari with the same company, you should be eligible for a discount. Always ask.

Wild elephants in Africa. — Heather Markel

6. Don’t Overpack

This is not the time to bring your entire wardrobe with you. Your safari truck has cubby holes for your bags or a small luggage vehicle at the back. There are strict size limits because your bag won’t fit if it’s too large. If your safari is full, there won’t be room on a seat for it. Soft duffel bags are better than structured suitcases with wheels unless they’re carry-on size. Another thing to consider is that every night you’ll have to take your luggage off the truck to access clothes and toiletries, and every morning, you’ll have to put your bag back on the bus. I ended up putting my daily essentials into a tote so I could leave my larger bag in its cubby hole. Some lodges have laundry facilities, so it’s best to wash clothes and wear them again rather than packing something different to wear each day.

A wild leopard in Africa. — Heather Markel

7. You Might Not Get Along With Everyone

Longer safaris mean a substantial amount of time with strangers. While that can be great if everyone in your group gets along, it’s not so fun if you don’t. During a long ride, when days can be tiring and everyone needs to stretch, personality conflicts may happen. Consider that you’re likely to have people of different ages and several different nationalities on the safari. Having compassion is a must.

Acacia trees in Africa. — Heather Markel

8. Choose Your Route According To The Experience You Want

Africa is huge. Depending on your available time and budget, you’ll need to choose what you’d most like to see. If you plan to start in South Africa, for example, there are different safaris available out of Cape Town than there are out of Johannesburg. You may want to choose the countries you’ll visit by types of animals you’re likely to see, the countries that’ll be visited, or even by malaria risk. Many tours also feature a visit to a local tribe, which, in my opinion, was one of the most fascinating activities we participated in.

A wild giraffe in Africa. — Heather Markel

9. Animal Sightings Are Not Guaranteed

The greatest thing about the wildlife in Africa is that its in the wild, not a zoo. That means the animals are free to roam anywhere they please, whenever they want, and it won’t always be in front of your safari truck. I was outrageously lucky to see all the wildlife I did. Our tour guide told us he had been to Etosha in Namibia the week before, and they saw only one lion and a few elephants, whereas we saw almost every animal possible. If your goal is to see all of “The Big 5,” your best bet is to go to one of the national parks, like Kruger in South Africa, spend a week there, and do a game drive every day to increase your chances.

Long safaris are one of the most amazing life experiences you can have. I highly recommend doing multiple! If you know what you expect to see and do, and the type of travel you want to have, you’ll create memories you’ll cherish for the rest of your life.

Want more on safaris? Here’s why a Tanzania safari should be at the top of your bucket list, plus what happened when one of our writers finally went gorilla trekking in Uganda (and why it was worth the wait).

5 Reasons To Rent Out A Luxury Car For Your Next Vacation

There’s no better feeling than heading out on vacation. You’ve saved your money, done your homework on your destination, and planned well for your break. If you’re heading out on an extended road trip, or simply going from Point A to Point B once your flight lands, one way to really boost your vacation experience is to rent a luxury car. Here are a few reasons — some fun, others practical — why you might want to consider it for your next vacation.

1. You’ll Save Miles On Your Vehicle

Heading out on a cross-country road trip can be tough on your car. It obviously racks up the miles, but can also really add to wear and tear, and even push an older vehicle over the breaking point if you’re headed through challenging terrain like mountains. The last thing you want is to have a stall or blow-out cut into your vacation time and budget! Renting a luxe car will keep your main ride at home, and you cruising on through whatever the road might throw at you.

Hertz services with chauffeur driving luxury BMW car. — Abdul Razak Latif / Shuttertsock.com

2. The Safety Features And Tech Are A Major Plus

A top-of-the-line luxury vehicle looks great, rides like a champ, and will help keep you safe. That’s because loads of new top-of-the-line safety tech comes standard in top car brands. Rear cross-traffic, blind-spot, and forward-collision monitoring, plus automatic emergency braking are among the safety features you’ll want to have, and they will be included in luxe car models. Many of these vehicles will also have state-of-the-art GPS systems, which will keep you well-navigated and on the right track when you’re on the open road. Also, look for built-in GPS-based emergency call services in a vehicle. These will give you peace of mind if you need roadside or other assistance.

Audi A3 interior design. — Schnitcelpirat / Shutterstock.com

3. You’ll Have More Comfortable Ride

Even in the closest families or relationships, you still need your space, especially when you’re on an extended road trip. There’s nothing more miserable than being squished up and uncomfortable when you’re logging big-time miles on vacation. A luxe rental will likely provide you extra room with a larger cabin — and that means more leg space and storage options. Also keep in mind that the space has been specifically engineered for maximum comfort. From better supports, heating options, and even massage choices in the seats to a smooth, comfortable, and quieter ride, luxury cars will take your driving experience to the next level.

4. It Might Be Cheaper Than You Think

Rental car companies routinely offer deals and steals — including free upgrades — especially for repeat or preferred customers. Do your homework online beforehand, and you might be surprised by your options. Stack them up side by side with the wear and tear costs on your personal vehicle, and you very well might find that it will actually cost less to rent a luxury vehicle for your next road trip.

5. It Ups The Fun Factor On Your Whole Vacation

Finally, there’s no denying the fun factor when it comes to renting and riding along in a luxury vehicle while you’re on vacation. The thrill of driving a top-end model is going to boost your holiday experience, no matter if you’re road-tripping or grabbing your rental once you’ve reached your destination. It will have a superior entertainment system, giving you multiple options for music, podcasts, or even movies to keep you occupied on the go. It will handle the road well, be a joy to drive, and make the miles zip by. Finally, don’t underestimate the thrill of a new-car smell and turning heads in it while you’re on vacation. We love hopping into a brand-new luxe car that we don’t get to enjoy every day at home; it’s the terrific way to start your vacation off on a fabulous foot. Besides, taking it over the top is part of what vacation travel is all about, right?

Whether your rental will be your chief mode of transportation or is simply getting you from place to place once you land, it can be worth it to explore a luxury option for your next trip. If you’re taking the plunge, further cut your costs by limiting drivers and educating yourself on the best insurance options. If you’re lucky, your pre-existing car insurance policy and credit card might provide you with all the coverage you need.

Hertz’s Ultimate Collection and the Exotic Car Collection by Enterprise are popular options, and depending on where you’re traveling, you may be able to rent from a high-end local fleet as well.

Want to go all out? Here are eight luxurious perks you might get with hotel butler service.

9 Stunning Architectural Wonders In Baku, Azerbaijan

A unique blend of Eastern and Western architecture can be found in Baku, Azerbaijan. In the captivating capital city, ultramodern, glass-and-steel high-rises stand next to buildings that are much older.

After decades of political strife, Azerbaijan gained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. President Heydar Aliyev wanted to make Baku a center of modern architecture. In 1998, Aliyev designated the area touching the Caspian Sea a national park, and a landscaping and building initiative began in Baku. In 2001, Azerbaijan became a full member of the Council of Europe, paving the way for collaboration with other member countries and allowing for a flood of new architectural possibilities.

Here are just a few of the marvelous works of architecture you’ll find in the city today.

The Heydar Aliyev Center in Baku. — saiko3p / Shutterstock

1. Heydar Aliyev Center

The Heydar Aliyev Center represents a complete departure from the traditional Soviet rigid, functional design aesthetic; its fluid, sweeping curves ushered in a more modern era in Azerbaijani architecture. World-famous architect Zaha Hadid designed this showstopping, ultramodern building, which is now the nation’s cultural center.

The Heydar Mosque in Baku. — Melander / Shutterstock

2. Heydar Mosque

In 2012, President Ilham Aliyev announced the construction of the Heydar Mosque. Completed in 2014, the mosque was intended to be a symbol of peace, tolerance, and unity and was named for President Heydar Aliyev. Built in the ancient Azerbaijani architectural style, the mosque is at the center of Baku’s revitalization.

The towering minarets and spectacular domes are especially beautiful at night. The strategically placed lights illuminate the delicate curves of the revered house of worship.

Interior dome of the Bibi-Heybat Mosque. — Alizada Studios / Shutterstock

3. Bibi-Heybat Mosque

The current-day Bibi-Heybat Mosque is a recreation of a 13th-century mosque of the same name that was destroyed by Stalin in 1936 when he abolished religion. The mosque opened in 1997.

Legend has it that the mosque contains the tomb of Okuma Khanim, a descendent of the prophet Muhammad. Bibi means “aunt,” and Heybat was the name of Khanim’s servant. The landmark is an important house of worship in Baku.

The Baku Flame Towers in Azerbaijan. — kerenby / Shutterstock

4. Baku Flame Towers

This unique landmark rises above the city of Baku, dominating the skyline day and night. The HOK architecture firm designed the Baku Flame Towers complex. The towers represent the wealth generated by the natural gas reserves that fuel the Azerbaijani economy.

LED lights embedded in the exterior of the building flicker at night, presenting a fire-inspired display that features the blue, red, and green colors of the Azerbaijani flag.

The tallest of the three buildings is a 39-story residential building. The second building is prime office space. The third building is the Fairmont Baku Hotel, a luxurious five-star hotel with views of the city and the Caspian Sea.

The Azerbaijan National Carpet Museum in Baku. — saiko3p / Shutterstock

5. Azerbaijan National Carpet Museum

The Azerbaijan National Carpet Museum houses centuries-old carpets and other textiles. The museum is dedicated to the work of Latif Karimov, Azerbaijan’s leading carpet artist and teacher.

The fascinating example of literal architecture, which resembles a rolled carpet, opened in 2014. The ultramodern building was designed by Austrian architect Franz Janz. The interior of the museum is also curved, allowing visitors to view the carpets and other art installations from a unique perspective.

In 2010, Azerbaijan’s traditional art of carpet weaving was inducted into the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, giving special status to this national museum.

The Little Venice water park in Baku. — Ungvari Attila / Shutterstock

6. Little Venice

Located near the Azerbaijan National Carpet Museum, Little Venice is a delightfully kitschy attraction. The water park is meant to mimic the canals of Venice. It is a fun tourist destination with beautifully maintained canals surrounding man-made islands with restaurants serving traditional Azerbaijani cuisine.

Visitors can rent a gondola for a relaxing ride and meander through the gorgeous gardens.

The Park Bulvar shopping center in Baku. — Elena Odareeva / Shutterstock

7. Park Bulvar

The exterior of the Park Bulvar shopping center is representative of the modern architectural wave moving through Azerbaijan. The mall’s offerings, however, are traditional, including high-end stores and a large food court.

Across from the mall is Milli Park. Situated on the Caspian Sea, it offers sculptures, gardens, and exquisite views.

Baku Crystal Hall in Azerbaijan. — ArtNat / Shutterstock

8. Baku Crystal Hall

Originally constructed to host the Eurovision Song Contest final and semifinal competitions in 2012, Baku Crystal Hall is the work of GMP Architekten.

The multifaceted structure serves as a concert hall and sports stadium and holds 25,000 fans. The building facade has embedded LED lights that can be programed to produce unique visual effects. This is a must-see, day and night.

The Government House of Azerbaijan in Baku. — ET1972 / Shutterstock

9. Government House

Facing Baku Boulevard, the Government House is home to the state ministry offices of Azerbaijan. The building was designed by Lev Rudnev; it was originally called the House of the Government of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic and was completed in 1952.

Renovations on the building were completed in 2010. The beautiful baroque-style building is an example of ornate Eastern architecture. The Government House is best viewed at night, when its plethora of magnificent archways are highlighted by lights.

This architectural mix of old and new, East and West, modern and traditional aptly represents Azerbaijan’s rich history and culture. If you’re an architecture buff, a visit to Baku should be in the cards.

Planning a trip to Azerbaijan? Here are more of the country’s most beautiful places.

Meet The Highland Cattle, Scotland’s Majestic Cows And Bulls

Highland cattle are Scotland’s adorable signature animals: shaggy, friendly representatives of the moors and highlands. Also known as heilan coos, Highland cattle have a close and fascinating relationship with the people of Scotland and are a tourist attraction in their own right.

A Highland calf in Scotland. — Qvist2000 / Shutterstock

You can spot these magnificent creatures wandering the misty moors or at various farms across the country. Swanston Farm and Trossachs Woollen Mill are two excellent places to interact with Highland cattle up close.

These beasts have a distinguished history, a fantastic temperament, and a special place in the hearts of all Scots. Here are some incredible facts about Scottish Highland cattle.

Highland cattle in Scotland. — trotalo / Shutterstock

They Were The First Bovine Breed In The World To Be Registered

Highland cattle are as old as Scotland itself. The breed was the first bovine breed on the planet to be registered, with the first herd recognized in 1884. These creatures have called the Highlands their home for centuries and have adapted to the chilly climate by developing thick, shaggy coats. Over the centuries, Highland cattle have evolved into hearty animals with the courage to face the fierce Scottish winters, and they are probably descendants of ancient oxen. It’s an understatement to say that their Scottish roots run deep.

They Have A Long Lifespan

Highland cattle’s ability to adapt to the cruel climate of the Scottish Highlands might have contributed to their impressive longevity. They live an average of 15 to 22 years, substantially longer than most other members of the bovine family. In terms of human years, these impressive animals live well over 70 years, and some even exceed 90 years! They have also been known to give birth well into their later years, making these creatures coveted livestock.

Different colors of Highland cattle. — Jonas Carlberg / Flickr (CC BY 2.0)

They Come In A Rainbow Of Colors

When people envision Highland cattle, they tend to think of thick auburn coats of fur, and while many cows and bulls do sport this ginger hue, Highland cattle come in a wide variety of colors. These robust creatures are sheathed in red, yellow, white, black, and even brindle fur. What’s more, it’s also possible for them to give birth to calves of different colors. Although it’s common for different breeds of cattle to come in different colors, it’s far less common for a specific breed to have coats of multiple colors.

Two Highland cattle in the snow. — defotoberg / Shutterstock

They Have Waterproof Coats

The colorful coat of the Highland bull or cow has two distinct layers that protect it from the stormy elements and keep it toasty warm. The underlayer is thick and acts almost like the inside of a down jacket. The top layer is covered in a slick oily film that repels rain and snow. Their useful coat is another example of how the Highland cattle have evolved to cope with Scotland’s weather. On average, the Scottish Highlands get 100 days of snow during the winter months, and the coat does double duty keeping these animals dry and comfortably warm.

A Highland cow in Scotland. — Menno Schaefer / Shutterstock

They Were Once Housepets

Once again, truth is often stranger than fiction. Even though their utilitarian coats kept Highland cattle snug during the rough winter months, they were still routinely invited into the homes of Scottish people of yesteryear. The family bull or cow was given its own special area and protected from the elements. Although Scottish people do have a special affection for the hairy Highland cattle, this practice of bringing them indoors might have been a little more practical. Highlanders were predominantly farmers, and their herds were essential assets. Still, it’s cute to think of a sweet little Highland calf hunkering down with its people.

Both The Cows And Bulls Have Horns

Large horns are a key element of Highland cattle’s signature look, and both cows and bulls sport them proudly. Cows’ horns tend to point up and taper off, while bulls’ horns are thicker and point forward. As with most animals, the size of the horn indicates the general age. Although plenty of bovines have horns, very few can match the stunning curved crowns that grace both sexes of Highland cattle.

They Are Confident And Calm

Highland cattle have fantastic temperaments and are known for their unflappable demeanor and intelligence. Their charming personalities and friendliness have made them a popular breed far outside of the Scottish Highlands. It’s clear that these animals evolved significant coping mechanisms alongside their thick coats, and people all over the world are falling in love with these iconic creatures of the north.

Two Highland cattle in Scotland. — Gary Bruce / Shutterstock

At first glance, Highland cattle seem merely cute, but beyond their shaggy coats is a deep history rooted in the Scottish Highlands. Highland cattle fostered an alliance with the Scottish people long ago, and they are iconic symbols of the country today. Indeed, these magnificent beasts are well worth a trip across the pond.

Planning a trip to Scotland? Don’t miss the hidden gems of Edinburgh, Scotland’s hilly capital.

12 Unwritten Rules About How To Respectfully Visit Europe’s Concentration Camps

Having now visited six concentration camps throughout Europe, including camps in Poland, Germany, and Austria, I have developed a sense of unspoken etiquette and would like to share some of the unwritten rules that have served us well.

Many people may visit just one concentration camp in their life, so if that’s you, here’s how to get the most out of your tour while demonstrating the utmost respect. It’s a privilege to be granted access to these sites so that we can reflect, contemplate, and remember what happened there.

The bottom line is that nothing you do should impact any other visitors’ rights to experience the site with their own thoughts and emotions, and as little distraction and interruption as possible.

Here are my top tips to help make your visit more memorable.

Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp in Poland. — Cavit Gencturk / Shutterstock

1. Take The Right Photos

When traveling, especially around Europe, it’s only natural to want to take photos. That way you can remember what you visited and can share the images with your family and friends back home. However, the types of photos that are appropriate to take inside a concentration camp are worth noting.

This is not a place for smiling selfies, or any other kind of selfie for that matter. Nor is this the place for happy family photography. Save these for other European treasures like the Eiffel Tower in Paris, or the Trevi Fountain in Rome.

In Poland’s Auschwitz concentration, you will be asked to refrain from taking photos of the human hair that is piled up high, as this is deeply personal and understandably off limits.

When taking photos, be patient to allow others to finish reading and then move away. I have witnessed people rushing around taking photos and getting in the way of others.

2. Quietly Does It

These areas are akin to visiting a church, so there’s an unspoken code of silence, or at least low noise, at most of the concentration camps.

Whispers are more appropriate than voicing your opinions loudly for others to hear. Likewise, refrain from calling out to your friends or family from across a crowded room or open yard.

If listening to an audio guide, use the headphones provided, rather than playing it on high volume for everyone else to hear.

When accompanied by children, ensure they know to keep quiet and understand this isn’t a place to run around, play, or climb. Typically, children under the age of 12 are discouraged from visiting concentration camps as some of the sights could disturb them.

3. Pets Not Permitted

Unless you have a guide dog, these sites are not pet-friendly, so make alternative arrangements for your beloved four-legged family members. Guide dogs and assistance dogs are nearly always welcome as long as you can demonstrate the need for them.

Mauthausen Concentration Camp in Austria. — Karl Allen Lugmayer / Shutterstock

4. Dress Appropriately

Typically, when visiting churches or other sacred sites throughout Europe, women are expected to cover their bare shoulders and legs. Concentration camps are no different. I carry a pashmina in my backpack just in case I feel it is appropriate to cover up more.

Give consideration to what is written on your t-shirts. Is it appropriate and could it offend or distract other visitors? Any clothing with potentially offensive symbols or messages should not be worn, or should at least be covered up.

5. Eat Beforehand

These places are typically not set up with park-like grounds where picnicking is encouraged. So have a snack or meal before your visit. Alcoholic beverages are prohibited for obvious reasons.

6. Leave Your Luggage Behind

Particularly in the busy summer months, your luggage is likely to cause an issue and you will do well to leave it behind. The unsealed nature of the grounds does not make it easy to roll luggage and the noise can break the silence and annoy others.

Some sites do offer luggage storage at a small fee. At Auschwitz in Poland, anything larger than the smallest of backpacks was forbidden and had to be stored in the lockers. Sites like Dachau in Germany do not offer any luggage storage at all.

7. Looking Is Encouraged; Touching Isn’t

Think of these sites as museums for our generation and for those generations yet to come. Many of the items are displayed behind glass cabinets to preserve them, but for those that aren’t, it’s important that they are not touched. These items are of irreplaceable value.

8. Keep Inside Appropriate Boundaries

Some of these sites have regular reconstruction underway as well as other areas that are unsafe or not yet ready for public viewing. It’s best to refrain from venturing out of bounds so that you stay safe and the workers can carry out their duties without disturbance.

When visiting Gross-Rosen in Poland recently, there were a number of areas cordoned off due to reconstruction. This didn’t detract from our experience or hinder us from learning about the concentration camp’s overall history.

9. Plan Ahead For Wheelchair Access

If you require wheelchair access, do your research ahead of time to investigate whether the site is wheelchair accessible.

A visit to the Church of Reconciliation at Dachau, for example, requires scaling a series of stairs.

10. Respect Others

You will find people of many different European cultures and countries are also visiting these places. Please be conscious that their culture or belief system could vary from yours.

When visiting Treblinka in Poland recently, we shared the site with seven busloads of Jewish teenagers from Israel who obviously had a very emotional historical connection with this site where over 700,000 Jews were murdered. They carried out rituals which were meaningful to them and we observed these without getting in the way.

It is important to allow everyone the freedom to express their grief or other emotions in whatever way is appropriate to them, and without fear of judgement or interference from other visitors.

11. Rest In Peace

Allow those who perished in these places to rest in peace. Don’t stand on graves, and behave as though your best friend was buried there. Be respectful, mourn if appropriate, and leave only your footprints. When writing or talking about your experience, please do so in a way that is appropriate to what the victims and their families went through.

12. Understand Cultural Differences

Before taking photos recently at Dachau, we removed some autumn leaves that were partially obscuring a place where ashes from the crematorium had been buried. I almost removed a stone, thinking I was doing the right thing. However, I recalled — just in time — something we had been told in Poland. Jewish visitors throughout Europe often place stones on headstones as a symbol of respect. This stone, left in place, will be a reminder in our photo about this important cultural practice.

If you intend to visit a European concentration camp — and I recommend everyone should at least once in their lifetime — I hope these tips make your visit more fulfilling.

One last but very important tip: Publicly saying that the Holocaust never happened or was far less horrific than all of the facts portray could land you in hot water, facing hefty fines or jail time in many countries! This is a serious offense, so don’t even do it in jest.

In addition to Europe’s concentration camps, consider these 10 World War II sites to visit in Poland.

Beyond Chichen Itza: Maya Ruins In The Yucatan Worth Visiting

Everyone who visits or has plans to visit the Maya Riviera in the Yucatan knows about Chichen Itza. Being a World Heritage Site and home to the Pyramid of Kukulcan, one of the New Seven Wonders of the World, this is no surprise.

Dominating the center of the site, the Pyramid of Kukulcan alone is worth the visit. Four identical stairways lead to the top, with the number of steps adding up to the number of days in a solar year (364+1 step leading to the temple on top).

The Pyramid of Kukulcan in Chichen Itza. — Jeff Fromm

Serpents, representations of the Maya God Kukulcan, adorn the stairways, and during the spring and fall equinoxes, the shadow of the great serpent seems to descend the stairs during sunset.

The famous pyramid is just the tip of the iceberg at this site. Chichen Itza is also home to the largest ball court in Mesoamerica, an ancient observatory, and a few other structures, including the Temple of the Warriors and the Mercado, that are worth visiting.

But because of all this, it is also one of the most visited and most crowded Maya archaeological sites. To protect it, you can’t get too close to any of the structures.

The good news is, the peninsula features many more Maya sites, where you can touch and even climb pyramids. Those who would rather not fight the crowds in Chichen Itza or want to explore structures they can get close to have plenty of alternatives. The following sites are just a few of them.

Coba

One of the largest and best-known Maya sites on the Yucatan Peninsula, the ruins of Coba in the state of Quintana Roo get plenty of visitors, but never feel as crowded as Chichen Itza. Part of the reason is the size and setting of the ruins.

Spreading over 30 square miles in a dense jungle off the main tourist road, the site can accommodate large numbers of visitors without feeling overcrowded. The ancient city is not so much one site, but a large group of multiple clusters of buildings centered around the main pyramid, Nohoch Mul.

Thousands visit the site to climb its famous pyramid at the end of a long trail through the jungle, but those who get there early enough can still be alone on its top, overlooking the rest of the site and the jungle canopy that covers most of it. The stairs are eroded, so climbing it is a bit dangerous, and strenuous (it has 130 steps) — so not for everyone — but a rope in the center helps, and with plenty of stops for rest, most people can handle it.

Xaibe, another Mayan structure in Coba. — Linsey Stevens

Other groups of structures in the archeological zone include the Coba Group, which features a pyramid called La Iglesia and a ballcourt; the Conjuncto Las Pinturas, which features a small pyramid with vivid paint still visible inside the temple from a certain angle (climbing this pyramid is not allowed); and the Macanxoc Group, with some of the most elaborate stelae (Maya writing and images on large stone slabs) of the Maya world.

While the trails between the structures are long, those who can’t walk that far or prefer to get there faster can rent bicycles or hire a “Maya taxi,” bicycles (operated by Maya locals) with two seats on the front for site visitors.

Uxmal

A UNESCO Heritage Site, Uxmal is one of the largest Maya sites in the state of Yucatan. Its main pyramid, the Pyramid of the Magician, dominates the site. According to legend, a dwarf magician, hatched from an egg, built it in one night. It is a great story, but in fact, the pyramid seen today was built on top of an older one, which was on top of an even older one, going back to five distinctive structures layered on top of each other. The result is one of the most impressive pyramids on the Yucatan. As spectacular as it is though, it is not the only building Uxmal is worth visiting for.

Built in the distinctive Puuc style, the city comprises ornate buildings adorned with carvings of serpents, elaborate latticework, and masks of the Maya rain god Chak. Two of the best examples that really stand out are the Palace of the Governors and the Nunnery Quadrangle. Both feature Chak masks, serpents, elaborate latticework, and columns.

The Mayan ruins at Uxmal. — Vadim Petrakov / Shutterstock

Though the Pyramid of the Magician is closed to climbing, visitors need not leave without getting on top of a large pyramid. The Great Pyramid has a good reconstructed stairway that makes climbing relatively easy and offers a panoramic view of the site from its top.

Though Uxmal is on the tourist track and gets crowded occasionally, it’s large enough to give any visitor a chance to be alone with the ruins.

Ek Balam

A compact site, Ek Balam is the spectacular home to the largest (though not tallest) Maya structure in Yucatan: its Acropolis. Excavations here started in 1997, so it is a relatively new-to-visitors site and features some of the most ornate motifs and statues found on the peninsula to date. The Acropolis adorned by these statues is open to climbing, allowing visitors to get close to them. The stairway is safe and sturdy and allows visitors to rest along the climb, admiring the statues and bas-reliefs. The highlight of the structure is halfway up the stairs, where a monster-like figure — the black jaguar that gave the site its name — guards the entrance to the Underworld. Its walls are decorated with some of the most impressive statues and carvings.

Stopping here is always a great respite from the Yucatecan sun, too, as you’ll be protected by a thatched roof. Those who make it to the top are rewarded for their efforts by a great panoramic view of the site and the surrounding jungle.

Other structures at the site include three palaces, a ball court, and the ancient entrance gate. Walking through the ruins is an easy stroll, and most of the path is shaded by mature trees.

Muyil

Though in ancient times Muyil, also known as Chunyaxche, was one of the most densely populated towns on the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, it is a smaller site, hidden in the jungle. Since it sits in the northwest boundaries of the Si’an Ka’an Biosphere Reserve, visiting the archaeological site also includes walking through a dense, protected jungle. The site’s largest reconstructed structure is the Castillo. Standing at 57 feet tall, it is the highest building on the coast. Though reconstructed (in 1998), the stairway is still not safe, so it is closed to climbing, but it is spectacular. On the east side of the pyramid, a replica of an original bas-relief sculpture of herons is visible close to the top. A few other structures, including smaller pyramids and a cave, are also worth a stop. The path through it all is well-maintained gravel and is flat, making it a pleasant, easy stroll for visitors, regardless of fitness level.

Don’t leave the archaeological site without a walk through the Si’an Ka’an Reserve, though. A path starting behind the Castillo leads to a small wooden hut, where for a modest fee you can enter the preserve and walk out to the lagoon. This trail, on a raised boardwalk, might be the highlight of your visit. Surrounded by dense jungle, walking above freshwater boiled up from cenotes, if you are quiet, you’ll likely encounter wildlife.

Mayapan

One of the last great Maya capitals before the Spanish arrived on the peninsula, Mayapan is like a smaller copy of Chichen Itza. In fact, its main building is an almost identical replica of the Pyramid of Kukulcan. Other than its size, the main difference is that visitors can climb this one and get a great view of the whole site.

Speaking of getting close to the structures, the Temple of the Painted Niches is open to walk through and you can enjoy the still-vivid colors of its murals, similar to those found in the central parts of Mexico. In fact, the murals are the only elements that differ from Chichen Itza. The Observatories, cylindrical buildings that are replicas of the Observatory of Chichen Itza, had the same astronomical use: tracking the planets. Carvings inside the Main Observatory show the tracking of the positions of Venus.

The Mayan ruins at Mayapan. — DroneHero29 / Shutterstock

The ceremonial center on the west edge of the site comprises the most important structures, including the residences of the noble class, and administrative, religious, and government buildings. Temples, shrines, and altars are some other highlights of the site.

Though a relatively large site, Mayapan is easy to walk through, and the structures are not too high to climb. Off the tourist track, few people know about it and even fewer visit it, so chances are you will only encounter a handful of others, or might even find yourself alone with the ancient stones.

Jaguar Heads at the Chichen Itza ruins. — John_Walker / Shutterstock

Tips For A Pleasant Maya Ruin Visit

When visiting any of the Maya ruins on the Yucatan Peninsula, make sure you have sun protection, sunscreen, and a hat, and wear lightweight clothes and comfortable walking shoes. Bug spray also goes a long way, especially in the wet season (winter months in the Northern Hemisphere). Don’t forget a water bottle.

To visit most of the above-mentioned sites, it is best to rent a car and drive to them, though public transportation is available for them, and some are part of tours from Tulum or Cancun. When driving on the peninsula, watch out for topez, or speed bumps, one on each end of any town or village. Just about everyone on the peninsula speaks English, especially the younger generation, but it might still be nice to understand and speak a few words of Spanish (or even Maya). Above all, bring your sense of adventure, and remember to have fun.

Also, why Maya and not Mayan? Scholars only use the adjective Mayan when referring to the family of Mayan languages (over 20 are still spoken), but simply use Maya for everything else, even as an adjective, including Maya civilization, Maya archaeology, and Maya ruins.

Still want to see the most famous ruins on the Yucatan? Here are seven tips for visiting Chichen Itza.