Sofia, Bulgaria: 6 Incredible Things To See And Do

Sofia is a complicated place. At first sight, it reminded me of a typical Eastern Bloc city with suburbs filled with bleak architecture, uninviting blocks of apartments, gigantic public Stalin-style buildings, and a slightly desolate atmosphere. But as I spent time there, the amazing history that has shaped Sofia revealed itself.

The capital of Bulgaria has seen it all: From the Romans to the Ottomans and from the Russians to the Balkan tribes, everyone wanted a piece of Sofia, and, as often happens, they all left some of their culture, traditions, and architecture behind.

While there is no discernible medieval city center in Sofia — quite unusual for a European capital city — there is still a central area roughly defined on the southeastern side by the trickle of the Perlovska River and on the western side by the Boulevard Hristo Botev. The best way to determine whether you’re in the center is to look at the bricks on the streets: If they are a golden yellow, you are not far from someplace interesting.

Around the main pedestrianized shopping drag, Vitosha Boulevard, you’ll find beautiful churches, Roman ruins, museums, and lovely residential areas full of good restaurants, where an evening of food and drink is available for a song.

Small and walkable, Sofia is well worth exploring, and since most visitors to Bulgaria don’t stop here long on their way to the beautiful countryside or amazing Plovdiv, it’s not very crowded. So if you want to explore a place that’s still quite off the beaten track — somewhere where you can peel back the rough outer petals and discover the hidden beauty within — then consider planning a trip to Sofia.

Here’s what to do on a visit to this underrated European capital.

The Church of Saint George Rotunda. — trabantos / Shutterstock

1. Find The Well-Hidden Saint George Rotunda

Built by the Romans in the fourth century, the little Church of Saint George Rotunda is thought to be the oldest building in Sofia. I had read about the church, but found it by pure chance when peeking out the window of the Sofia Hotel Balkan. Hidden in the courtyard behind the hotel and nearly completely surrounded by the buildings of the Presidency, this truly is a hidden gem. The small, cylindrical building with its pointed roof is part of a Roman archaeological complex that continues in front of the hotel.

Inside, the murals and frescoes are amazing, and some date back to the 10th century. The walls are plain exposed brick, but it is exactly that simplicity that oozes age (and a bit of dampness) and makes this old church so special.

Saint Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Sofia. — Mark and Anna Photography / Shutterstock

2. Marvel At The Gleaming Saint Alexander Nevsky Cathedral

The Eastern Orthodox Saint Alexander Nevsky Cathedral is a marvel of the neo-Byzantine architectural style, and while its domes and arches are beautiful, it is nowhere near as old as the Church of Saint George Rotunda: Construction started in 1882 and finished in 1912.

The church is as captivating inside as it is outside. The vast hall, separated by countless columns and vestibules, lit by candles, and filled with religious paintings and mosaics, is simply stunning. The church reportedly holds 10,000 people, but that must be a snug fit.

Try to visit during a service — I happened upon a priest chanting, and stood there rooted to the ground for what seemed like an eternity. It was magical.

Ruins of Serdica in Sofia. — tichr / Shutterstock

3. Go Underground To Ancient Rome

It was when I was attempting to jaywalk and got told off by a policeman who pointed to an entrance to a subway that I found Roman Sofia, once called Serdica. The archaeological digs around my hotel should have given me a clue!

There, underneath a busy traffic junction and an entrance to a metro stop — called Serdica, just to drive the point home — was ancient Rome. A vast complex of arches, building remains, the ubiquitous amphitheater, a chapel, and walls and ruins of a former city, stretching into the distance, some hidden under the street, other parts covered in a vast glass roof, and yet other areas outside. In total, there are almost 100,000 square feet to explore.

The National Gallery in Sofia, Bulgaria. — S-F / Shutterstock

4. See Sofia Through The Eyes Of Local Artists

Sofia has many museums, from the lovely National Gallery to the Museum of Contemporary Art, but my favorite was the perfectly sized and centrally located Sofia City Art Gallery, which exhibits works by local artists, with most of the works featuring Sofia. Looking at the city through the perspective of local artists is an eye-opener, since their art deals with history, politics, or society — or simply takes a fun approach. The museum is the perfect size for a leisurely look without being too overwhelming.

The Banya Bashi Mosque in Sofia. — Shevchenko Andrey / Shutterstock

5. Explore Four Religions On One Corner

If you need further proof that Sofia is a melting pot of cultures, religions, and influences from across Europe and beyond, look no further than the small quarter by the Central Sofia Market Hall, a lovely covered market just across from the Serdica site.

The market hall is flanked by the Ottoman-style Banya Bashi Mosque, which dates to 1566. Banya bashi means “many baths” — the mosque was actually built on top of thermal springs. Just behind the market hall, you’ll find the Sofia Synagogue, the largest synagogue in Eastern Europe. Visitors are welcome to enter and have a look at the stunning interior with its 1.7-ton chandelier. Next door, you’ll find the Cathedral of Saint Joseph, a modern Catholic church, but only a stone’s throw from that is the ancient little Orthodox Church of Saint George Rotunda.

These four religious sites all sit quite peacefully next to each other.

The open-air antique market in Sofia. — Tminaz / Shutterstock

6. Discover Unusual Trinkets At The Antique Market

The open-air market near the front of Saint Alexander Nevsky Cathedral is a cross between a flea market and an antique market, with many odd items on sale. Whether you are looking for old Soviet souvenirs, from medals to uniforms; local arts and crafts; or enameled street signs or car registration plates, it’s all there.

Haggling is a must, with most vendors speaking enough English to know the prices, and browsing is fun. You’ll find better and more unusual souvenirs here than you would at the typical souvenir shops.

Eating In Sofia

Sofia’s rich history and many influences are also reflected in its cuisine. Part Turkish and very meat-heavy, part Greek with hummus and wine leaves, but also with a strong modern Western flair, Sofia offers a little of everything. Don’t shy away from the small kebab shops — they often serve the freshest (and certainly cheapest) meaty snacks around.

Old Is New

Old Is New is a small restaurant showcasing the mixture that is Sofia’s cuisine in a lovely artsy setting. Occupying a residential corner building off the bustling Angel Kanchev, the restaurant has fun decor, friendly staff, and superb food. You’ll sit at a wooden table surrounded by locals and feast on a seasonal menu offering a variety of small plates and hearty stews. Everything down to the bread was delicious.

Boho

If you are like me and hate to pay for a mediocre but overpriced hotel breakfast, then wait until midday to head to Boho. This trendy eatery specializes in weekend brunch and is very popular with locals, who patiently line up for tables, since the restaurant does not take reservations. You can choose from a range of breakfast dishes, from eggs in many styles to seasonal fresh mushrooms to crepes and waffles. It’s a leisurely way to fortify yourself for an afternoon of sightseeing.

Cafe And Bakery

For the perfect cup of tea and a slice of home-baked cake, look no further than the tiny cafe next to the Crystal Garden near Saint Alexander Nevsky Cathedral. A small counter offers a few cakes and cookies, all labeled in Bulgarian, and the staff members do not speak English. Just point at the treat you want to try — they all taste just as good as they look!

A room at the Sofia Hotel Balkan. — Marriott

Where To Stay In Sofia

Sofia isn’t huge, though it’s home to 1.2 million inhabitants. Wherever you stay, you’re guaranteed to be within walking distance of the city’s major sites. The inner city is split into various districts such as Central, Vitosha, and the Cathedral of Saint Alexander Nevsky area, but they are all just a short walk from each other, so I would suggest you choose your hotel based on which accommodation suits you best, rather than the area it’s in.

Sofia Hotel Balkan

Sofia Hotel Balkan, part of Marriott’s Luxury Collection, looks like an old hotel, but it actually dates only to 1956. However, it still oozes old-fashioned style. Aside from gorgeous architecture, a delightful in-house restaurant and bar, and spacious rooms, the hotel stands out for its great location steps away from the main shopping areas, with a beautiful church at the front and back and surrounded by archaeological digs. You could not get closer to the city’s attractions if you tried.

Best Western Art Plaza Hotel

A quirky, small hotel just off the main shopping street in a lovely residential area full of small cafes and restaurants, Best Western Art Plaza Hotel is an excellent budget choice.

Emirates Residence

Hyper-modern and very glitzy with impressive spa and gym facilities, these apartments are equipped with kitchenettes and plenty of space. They’re close to the museums and cathedral and are perfect for larger groups of family or friends.

The Best Things To Do In Saint George, Utah

The quaint town of Saint George, Utah, with its stunning red rock landscape, outdoor activities, and mild climate, is an ideal place to get away for some peace and quiet. Once you arrive, you might never want to leave — as much of the growing retirement population of the area will tell you! Before you sell your home and pack your bags, though, visit the town to see if it fits your lifestyle.

Here are the best things to see and do on a visit to tranquil Saint George.

Snow Canyon State Park in Utah. — Scott Prokop / Shutterstock

Hike The Nearby State And National Parks

The opportunities to hike in and around Saint George are abundant. From the Red Cliffs National Conservation Area to Snow Canyon State Park to Zion National Park, there are plenty of trails and scenes to choose from.

Just a 15-minute drive from Saint George, Snow Canyon State Park is one of the closest and most accessible of these natural areas. Whether you decide to walk on one of the paved trails or head out on a mountain bike, the park is a great introduction to the area’s famous red Navajo sandstone.

For a hike with a side of history, visit Little Black Mountain Petroglyph Park. Not only is it a quick mile-long round-trip hike, but you’ll see a large sandstone rock covered in ancient rock art.

If you’re looking to visit one of the most stunning national parks in the United States, you’re also in luck. Zion National Park, with its famous Angels Landing steep cliffside hike, is just an hour’s drive from Saint George. If you’d rather stay on the ground, try the Zion Narrows hike, which twists and turns through a narrow water-filled canyon — it’s worth the drive.

Immerse Yourself In The Art Community

Saint George is home to a vibrant art scene, making it a great place for artists and non-artists alike to immerse themselves in a creative community.

The Coyote Gulch Art Village, also known as the Kayenta Art Village, is one of the highlights of the local art scene. Located about 20 minutes northwest of Saint George, the art village features studios, galleries, a gift shop, and a cafe. This is a great place to purchase unique local mementos. Plus, there’s always something going on at the village, whether it’s a movie night, a classical music performance, or the annual Street Painting Festival in April.

Sand Hollow State Park in Utah. — amadeustx / Shutterstock

Relax (Or Not) At Sand Hollow Reservoir

More than 20,000 acres make up Sand Hollow State Park, which includes the 1,332-acre reservoir. There are plenty of leisure activities to enjoy at the reservoir; swimming, jet skiing, fishing, and boating are just a few.

If you’re looking to quench your thirst for adventure, the park fits the bill. In addition to the massive reservoir in the center of the natural area, Sand Hollow boasts sand dunes, specifically Sand Mountain, for off-roading.

Whether you go horseback riding or decide to rent an ATV, Sand Hollow offers plenty of heart-pounding activities that are great for all ages.

Learn About Latter-Day Saints History

One of the best ways to understand the character of Saint George is to learn about its history, which is closely intertwined with the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, or the Mormon Church. In fact, Saint George was named for George A. Smith, a Mormon apostle who believed that eating raw potatoes would cure scurvy.

With that kind of origin story, it’s no surprise that one of the main attractions in Saint George is the lovely Saint George Utah Temple in the castellated Gothic style. The temple was the third built by the Mormons (after Joseph Smith’s death), and the first one built in Utah. Although it’s currently being renovated and will be closed for approximately three years, you can find Latter-Day Saints history everywhere in Saint George.

Make sure to stop at the Brigham Young Winter Home, which was built in the 1870s. Brigham Young lived here during the winter months, overseeing the temple’s construction until his death in 1877.

Red Hills Desert Garden in Saint George, Utah. — Red Hills Desert Garden

Visit The Red Hills Desert Garden

As part of the Mojave Desert, Saint George has a dry and warm climate perfect for a variety of flowers and plants, from the vibrant pink Arapaho crape myrtle to the spiky blue barrel cactus. You can see these landscaped plants side by side throughout the 5-acre Red Hills Desert Garden.

Bring a picnic, enjoy an educational class or workshop, see the waterfall and the (endangered) fish, and locate preserved dinosaur tracks from 200 million years ago. The desert is full of surprises! And the best part? The Red Hills Desert Garden is free to enter.

Catch A Show At The Tuacahn Center For The Arts

When you think of an arts center, you probably think of an enclosed, indoor area. The Tuacahn Center for the Arts is anything but! This unique arts center is an outdoor theater surrounded by gorgeous red rocks, which make an ideal backdrop for the stage.

With more than 2,000 seats, Tuacahn specializes in Broadway musicals like Singin’ in the Rain, Les Miserables, and Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat. But it also makes a great venue for concerts, like tributes to Queen and Elton John. Tickets range from $20 to $100+, depending on the show. A night under the stars in the unique venue is a must-do when in Saint George.

Eating And Drinking In Saint George

Whether you’re searching for great coffee, a big breakfast, or fine dining with a view, Saint George offers plenty of spots to curb your cravings.

The Painted Pony

Rated as one of the top restaurants in Saint George, The Painted Pony is a great place to celebrate a special occasion — your arrival! Located conveniently in Ancestor Square within the historic downtown area, the restaurant specializes in American fine dining. Try the perfectly cooked hanger steak, seared ahi tuna, or bacon-wrapped duck. Not only is everything delicious, but it’s also presented tastefully. To top it all off, order the layered cheesecake tower of walnut cookies, sweet blueberries, and raspberry sauce.

Affogato West

Located in a large warehouse, Affogato West boasts a cozy yet modern environment covered in wood and tin. You can sit in a variety of spaces to enjoy your brew: at the bar, covered festively in lights, or on the “patio,” a fake grass area with beach chairs, picnic tables, and umbrellas. The eclectic space will certainly win you over (if the coffee doesn’t!).

Visit Affogato West on a Wednesday evening to shop, eat, and enjoy live music at the West Village Farmers Market that takes over the warehouse space.

Bear Paw Cafe

Every day spent exploring Saint George should begin with a hearty breakfast, and Bear Paw Cafe is the perfect place to get it. With its central location and fair prices, the lines get long. You’ll realize that it’s worth the wait, however, when you take a bite of the stuffed French toast — you can choose from chocolate, vanilla, or apple — that’s topped with fresh fruit and whipped cream. Those looking for a savory option can opt for the warm and nourishing huevos rancheros.

Cliffside Restaurant

For fantastic views, head to the bright and airy Cliffside Restaurant. The restaurant is lined with large windows with stunning views of Saint George and the mountain beyond. Although on the pricier side, Cliffside Restaurant provides exceptional service in conjunction with its innovative menu. Indulge in the four-cheese, pear-filled pasta covered in a tomato sauce that you’ll have to soak up with your slice of garlic crostini.

Shopping In Saint George

Saint George offers plenty of small-town charm in its unique downtown stores and boutiques. Here are a few of my favorite places to shop.

Judd’s General Store

Opened in 1911, Judd’s General Store is one of the oldest family-run businesses in town. As a general store, it sells a little bit of everything. When you step through the door, you’ll feel like you’ve stepped back in time. Not only can you get a cup of steaming soup or a three-tier ice-cream cone, but the shelves are filled with old-timey candy bars and soda.

Mugwumps Antique Shop

Those with a soft spot for anything old and well loved will appreciate Mugwumps Antique Shop. The shop — painted red, white, and blue — has everything from furniture to cowboy boots to kitchen trinkets.

Coyote Exchange

Pop by this boutique for gently used clothing and unique finds, from cozy vintage sweaters and silver spoon rings to handcrafted pottery and modern brands. Coyote Exchange is a great place to find something special for yourself or for someone back home.

7 Reasons Franklin Is Tennessee’s Best-Kept Secret

Situated in the verdant slopes of Middle Tennessee is the state’s best-kept secret, the city of Franklin. While more than 15 million tourists flock to nearby Nashville each year, travel veterans should head to its upscale neighbor instead. Franklin is a lesser-known but very enchanting Southern destination, complete with Civil War sites, elevated food and beverage offerings, unique local businesses, artsy hamlets, and so much more.

After a week spent getting to know the region on a hosted press trip, I’m ready to share why Franklin is an amazing destination that deserves more attention from travelers.

1. It’s Easy To Access

Franklin is located just south of Nashville proper in the middle of Tennessee’s wealthiest area, Williamson County. It’s just a 30-minute drive from the Nashville International Airport, which offers nonstop flights from all over the country, so Franklin makes a great place for a quick weekend getaway.

Franklin is also within driving distance of several major cities. Atlanta is just 4 hours away by car. Louisville, Kentucky, home of the Kentucky Derby, is even closer, just 3 hours away. Saint Louis is less than 5 hours away, while the West Tennessee gem of Memphis is about 3.5 hours away.

Arrington Vineyards in Franklin. — Globe Guide Media Inc / Shutterstock

2. The Wineries, Breweries, And Distilleries Are Fantastic

One of my favorite parts about this area of Tennessee is the innovation happening in the beverage scene. The Masters & Makers Trail, which winds 70 miles through the scenic hills of Middle Tennessee, includes four unique stops that will appeal to a variety of palates.

There’s Arrington Vineyards, a gorgeous 100-acre property set on a hillside. About 15 of those acres consist of vines, and there are a ton of great wines to choose from. The most interesting are the Antebellum wines, both red and white, that are aged in Tennessee whiskey barrels for a complex smokiness. Country music fans should be sure to check out the main bar, where the trophies and accolades of cofounder Kix Brooks (of Brooks & Dunn) are displayed.

Another great spot is Leiper’s Fork Distillery, which is located in a cute, unincorporated village near Franklin. It boasts some delicious small-batch whiskey offerings, so you won’t want to miss this stop on the trail. Multiple tours are offered each day.

Pro Tip: Ask for Pops if you decide to take the tour; he is a truly charming guide and ends every tour with a traditional Irish blessing.

For those who prefer options besides Tennessee whiskey, check out Thompson’s Station’s H Clark Distillery. It offers one of the best gins I’ve ever tasted: the Tennessee Dry Gin, a perfect blend of English and American gin. H Clark Distillery also offers traditional options like rye, whiskey, and bourbon.

Both Leiper’s Fork and H Clark are part of the Tennessee Whiskey Trail, which includes 27 stops across the state.

The final stop on the Masters & Makers Trail is Mill Creek Brewing Company in the eastern Williamson County enclave of Nolensville. With its approachable tagline of “Less Fuss. More Beer,” this brewery is a welcome addition to the area’s offerings. Its bestselling beer is the wheat- and citrus-forward Lil Darlin, but be sure to try some of its fun seasonal samples, too.

For more information about these boozy spots, check out my full guide to Franklin’s drinking scene.

3. It’s Pet-Friendly

More and more people have started traveling with their pups in tow. Luckily for us all, Franklin is one of the most pet-friendly cities in the nation. It even served as the pilot location for the Better Cities for Pets program, which means it’s been certified as a destination that prioritizes programs and policies to make life better for pets and their people.

Nearly every shop in downtown Franklin offers a water bowl outside and welcomes pups indoors with open arms. There’s also a huge dog park (more than 4 acres!) at the nearby Harlinsdale Farm. Numerous local rentals and hotels are pet-friendly, which makes Franklin an ideal vacation spot for you and your furry friend.

Civil War monuments in Franklin. — Globe Guide Media Inc / Shutterstock

4. It’s Steeped In Civil War History

Another interesting layer of Franklin is the city’s rich Civil War history.

Williamson County played a major role in the last years of the War Between the States. The decisive Battle of Franklin, which took place in 1864 and was called the “five bloodiest hours of the Civil War,” was a last-ditch effort by the Confederacy to change the course of the war and reclaim Nashville, the first Southern capital overtaken by the Union. However, the battle resulted in heavy Confederate casualties and is widely considered one of the final blows to the South. To put it in perspective, more Confederate generals were mortally wounded at the Battle of Franklin than at the better-known and larger-scale Battle of Gettysburg.

Those interested in learning more should check out the area’s three Civil War sites: the Lotz House, Carnton, and the Carter House. If you only have time for one, I suggest Carnton, which was a moving and informative for me during my recent visit.

5. The Food Scene Is Unreal

Nashville is a celebrated foodie city in its own right, but that creativity and deliciousness can also be found in nearby Franklin. I sampled some especially noteworthy bites in the area.

Gray’s on Main is a cool renovated space that used to house a pharmacy. Besides some excellent cocktails, this spot has legendary shrimp and grits and fried chicken. It offers a wonderful selection of elevated yet classic Southern comfort foods.

Another winner is the original Martin’s Bar-B-Que Joint in nearby Nolensville. Try the Redneck Tacos for a wonderful local dish, and be sure to pair them with the fantastic mac and cheese side option.

A posher choice, perfect for a special occasion, is downtown Franklin’s Cork and Cow. Try the impressive charcuterie spread as an appetizer, and then enjoy one of the many steaks.

These are just a handful of the culinary gems found in and around Franklin, so be sure to explore further as well.

The Bluebird Cafe in Nashville, Tennessee. — Carla Sloke / Shutterstock

6. There’s A Famous Open-Mic Night

You’ve probably heard about Tuesday nights at the Bluebird Cafe in Nashville, but Thursdays in Leiper’s Fork should also be on your radar — the open-mic night at Puckett’s is legendary.

During my evening there, I lounged at the bar eating a heaping portion of pulled pork while listening to some crazy talented performers. There was a young girl who sang a song she wrote when she was just six years old, telling the tale of her favorite stuffed animal; her grandfather joined her on stage. The usual country greatness followed, including a Brazilian new-country wunderkind and a young female singer with an exquisite voice. Some old-school crooners also made an appearance, and an unreal fiddler was another highlight.

I was there for hours and could have stayed much longer. The level of talent in that crowded barbecue joint was unbelievable. It was the highlight of my time in Franklin, so consider planning to be there on a Thursday evening if at all possible.

Public area in Leiper's Fork — Globe Guide Media Inc / Shutterstock.com

7. Leiper’s Fork Is Quirky And Charming

Besides the aforementioned distillery and Puckett’s, there’s a ton for travelers in the quirky village of Leiper’s Fork. You might even bump into Justin Timberlake, Kristin Cavallari, or Chris Stapleton — they all call the funky hamlet home.

I enjoyed wandering through the cute shops in the area, from the European antique store Serenite Maison to the masculine gallery renovated for artist David Arms. Other Leiper’s Fork favorites are the down-home Lawnchair Theater, a community gathering area, as well as the Copper Fox Gallery and the delectable 1892 eatery.

It should be clear by now that Franklin is an up-and-coming tourist destination with a lot to offer travelers. Military history enthusiasts, foodies, art connoisseurs, and more will fall in love with this charming Southern city and region.

Best Wildlife To See Along Alabama’s Gulf Coast

With 600 miles of tidal bay and bayou shoreline, Alabama’s Gulf Coast region is best known for the rolling tide that ebbs and flows along its sandy white coastline. And while the relaxing sound of the waves and the comfortably warm weather are the main draws for most snowbirds, the Yellowhammer State also offers the opportunity to observe critters that aren’t as common in other parts of the United States.

From dolphins frolicking in the bay to pelicans dive-bombing into the Gulf, here are a few animals to watch for along Alabama’s Gulf Coast.

Alligators

When I think of the swampy marshland of the Gulf Coast region, the first animal that comes to mind is the alligator. With its lumbering gait and toothy crooked “smile,” this 600-pound reptile is synonymous with the American Southeast.

Although alligators are slow and clumsy on land, their powerful tails make them fast as lightning in the bodies of fresh water where they make their homes. So while enjoying the lakes, ponds, and rivers along Alabama’s Gulf Coast, be sure to keep an eye out for alligators. They typically hang out in groups (or congregations), so if you spot one gator, chances are there are others nearby.

For a sure shot at seeing alligators along Alabama’s Gulf Coast, stop by Alligator Alley. Located in Summerdale, Alabama, just west of the Baldwin Beach Express, Alligator Alley is home to more than 200 alligators ranging in size from hatchlings to adults.

Sea Turtles

Due to illegal poaching, fishing practices, beachside development, and changing climate, sea turtles are listed on the World Wildlife Fund’s endangered species list. But along Alabama’s Gulf Coast, from Orange Beach to Dauphin Island, volunteers at the sea turtle conservation program have helped more than 50,000 sea turtles hatch since 2003.

The best time to observe sea turtles is between July and October, about two months after female sea turtles have waddled ashore under the cover of darkness to dig 20-inch holes in the soft sand and discreetly deposit nests of eggs. When the eggs hatch, baby sea turtles emerge from just beneath the sand and make their way to the Gulf.

It’s important to note that both adult females and hatchlings are most active on the beaches at night, when they are less likely to be picked up by predators. This means that it may be difficult to spot sea turtles when you visit. However, early risers who enjoy walking along the beach might see the telltale tracks of mommas or babies who headed out to the water before the sun rose.

Pro Tip: Read and adhere to these rules to support nesting and hatching sea turtles.

Bottlenose Dolphins

Several species of dolphins frolic in the Gulf of Mexico and surrounding bays, but the most common is the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (like Flipper). Because bottlenose dolphins are fairly active during the day, you can spot them in the morning, afternoon, or evening. But to see these frisky marine mammals along Alabama’s Gulf Coast, you’ll have to get out on the water, so plan to take a dolphin cruise, jump on a jet ski, or hop on a paddleboard.

Pro Tip: If you prefer to watch for dolphins on dry land (perhaps with a Bushwacker in hand), it’s not uncommon to spot them from LuLu’s in Gulf Shores or Tacky Jacks in Orange Beach.

Blue Crabs

So named because of their lapis blue legs and pincers, blue crabs are some of the most common crustaceans you’ll see along Alabama’s Gulf Coast. They are typically found in the area’s back bays during the summer months, and one of the best ways to see them is to acquire a saltwater fishing license and go crabbing.

(Yes, a license is required — even if you plan to catch and release these crabby critters. There are exceptions for Alabama residents over the age of 65 and anyone under the age of 16.)

Brown Pelicans

It’s hard to spend time outside along Alabama’s Gulf Coast and not see a brown pelican gliding above the surf, keeping a watchful eye on the water below. And when he spots something that looks promising for dinner, he’ll dive-bomb into the water.

Hitting the water at full speed, he’ll fill his throat pouch with more than 2 gallons of water and small fish (like herring and anchovies) that live near the surface. As quickly as a chef separates an egg yolk from an egg white, he’ll drain the water from his pouch and let the fish slide down his throat and into his hungry belly. It’s quite a sight!

Stingrays

If you take to the water along Alabama’s Gulf Coast, one creature that you may not want to see is a stingray. After all, an Australian stingray was responsible for the tragic and untimely death of the Crocodile Hunter, Steve Irwin. But in coastal Alabama, the most common stingray is the cownose ray. With a face that resembles the velvet-like sniffer of a dairy cow, the cownose ray is constantly in motion, making it unlikely that you’ll step on it when swimming.

However, the region is also home to the southern stingray and the Atlantic stingray. Unlike the cownose ray, these cartilaginous creatures regularly burrow into the sandy bottom of the Gulf just a few yards from the shore. While stingrays aren’t aggressive predators, they will instinctively sting if disturbed. So, in order to avoid a trip to the hospital, be sure to shuffle your feet to let the rays know you’re coming when wading into the water along the Gulf of Mexico.

Pro Tip: Here’s what to do if you are stung by a stingray.

To see stingrays with zero risk of being stung, visit the Dauphin Island Sea Lab. Its 7,000-gallon stingray touch pool holds four species of stingrays and skates and is designed to allow visitors to pet the stingrays as they glide by.

A monarch butterfly in Alabama. — Sage Scott

Monarch Butterflies

One of the most spectacular things to witness along Alabama’s Gulf Coast is the annual monarch butterfly migration. Thousands of black wings accented with pumpkin orange and marigold yellow fill the sky, resting on trees and refueling on wildflowers. Monarchs flutter through Alabama twice a year, in March and April when they travel north for the summer and again in September and October when they head south for the winter.

From delicate monarchs to monstrous alligators and from sapphire-colored crabs to silvery dolphins, there are plenty of neat animals to look for along Alabama’s Gulf Coast.

7 Bucket-List Experiences In Colombia

More and more travelers are heading to Colombia as the word gets out that this country is ripe for exploring and offers a plethora of diverse experiences. Colombia’s landscapes range from an unspoiled Caribbean coastline to tropical rainforests to the soaring Andes.

Cable car over the beautiful landscape of Jardin. — Alison Browne / DreamerAtHeart.org

Interested in city life or small colonial towns? Colombia has both. Love music and dancing? Colombians are always moving to the beat! This country, sitting at the equator, will make its way into your heart, and before you leave you will be planning your return journey.

Here are seven experiences that will have you adding Colombia to your bucket list.

Beautiful scenery in the Cocora Valley. — Alison Browne / DreamerAtHeart.org

1. Ride A Willys Jeep To The Cocora Valley

In Salento, Colombia, colorful Willys jeeps line the main square. These old jeeps from WWII are a common sight in the coffee triangle. Often, burlap sacks bursting with coffee beans are stacked high in the jeeps along with bunches of plantains and other cargo. They are also used as taxis for transporting visitors out to the Cocora Valley.

Sit up front in the Willys jeep or stand at the back. Your grin will say it all as you rumble past verdant green landscapes on the route from Salento to the Cocora Valley.

The Cocora Valley is famous for wax palm trees (palmas de cera) that stretch skyward against a backdrop of mountains. Colombia’s national tree is the tallest palm tree in the world. When you arrive in the valley, choose which hike suits you. A short hike along the road takes you straight to the palmas de cera. Alternately, plan your day around the longer three-hour hike that takes you through grassland and cloud forest and on to the wax palm trees.

Pro Tip: On the longer hike, the optional trail up to see the hummingbirds is very steep, but awaiting you at the top is a family run business serving hot chocolate and locally made cheese. Take a well-deserved break to admire the stunning views and the variety of colorful hummingbirds.

A grinder and coffee beans in the Zona Cafetera. — Alison Browne / DreamerAtHeart.org

2. Sip Coffee In The Zona Cafetera

You’re in Colombia, the land of coffee. Colombia is known worldwide for its coffee production, so sipping Colombian coffee at its source is a highlight. The Zona Cafetera, the coffee triangle, is full of fincas (coffee farms) that are open to tourism. From Salento, take a Willys jeep through breathtaking landscapes to the coffee farms that hug the steep slopes of the mountains. Take a guided tour to see how coffee is produced. Grab a woven basket and pick some coffee beans. Best of all, sip a cup of java made from the coffee plants you have just wandered past. Leave room in your suitcase to bring home Colombian coffee directly from the farm!

Pro Tip: Don Elias Organic Farm offers an excellent guided tour.

If you feel like a second cup of coffee, head to Cafe Jesus Martin in Salento. This trendy little cafe serves the perfect cup of espresso.

The streets of Jardin, Colombia. — Alison Browne / DreamerAtHeart.org

3. Step Back In Time In Jardin

Sometimes the best experiences are a little off the beaten path. The small town of Jardin, Colombia, situated amidst the Andes mountains, is a four-hour bus ride from Medellin. The setting alone is jaw-dropping. But what makes this a bucket-list experience? The streets are lined with brightly painted facades. Blue. Green. Pink. The colors spill into the main square where the massive Catholic basilica with its gleaming aluminum spires should be the main attraction. But instead, the colorful wooden tables and chairs that fill the plaza invite you to have a seat and watch as life in Jardin unfolds.

Buy some freshly cut juicy mangoes and watch as the men wander into the square, ponchos slung over their shoulders, sporting sombreros. Life is lived at a slower pace here.

Listen for the clip-clop of the horses as they arrive in the evening. Farmers from the surrounding countryside ride their prancing horses into town for a drink, and before you know it, horses line the edge of the plaza.

Pro Tip: Don’t miss a visit to the Parque Natural Jardin de Rocas on the edge of town to witness the glorious red birds known as the Andean Cock-of-the-Rock.

Sunset over Minca, Colombia. — Alison Browne / DreamerAtHeart.org

4. Go Birdwatching In Minca

Minca, Colombia, is a tiny town nestled in the Sierra Nevada above Santa Marta. The Sierra Nevada offers hiking and mountain biking opportunities, but the chance to see brightly colored toucans is the real bucket-list experience. Colombia is an incredibly biodiverse country, and here in the Sierra Nevada, there are 300 species of birds. Join up with Jungle Joe Minca Adventures on an early morning walking tour. The birdsongs and sightings will have you smiling, even if you are not a twitcher!

Pro Tip: If you don’t mind a solid 10-minute climb uphill, stay in the hostel Casa Loma. There are private thatched-roof huts (with shared bathrooms) and a bar area looking out over the mountains. The sunset is outstanding. Dinner at the long, communal tables is the perfect way to meet people of all ages.

Street art on the hills of Comuna 13 in Medellin. — Alison Browne / DreamerAtHeart.org

5. Witness Transformation Firsthand In Comuna 13

Comuna 13 in Medellin was once known as the most violent neighborhood in the most dangerous city in the world. This neighborhood, with its warren of streets and homes stacked upon each other, was witness to incredible violence. Kidnappings, extortion, and unexplained disappearances were the norm as gangs vied for power. This was “normal life” in Comuna 13 for years. Finally, in 2002, the government led an operation targeting Comuna 13 to rid it of its underground leaders.

Since 2002, Comuna 13 has been on a path to recovery and creating a safe community. Creativity is one way that the community has come together. Hip hop dancers grace the streets and street art covers the buildings. Each vibrant artistic creation holds a deep meaning, recounting the stories of Comuna 13 and its journey from darkness into more peaceful times.

Visit Comuna 13 to gain an understanding of Colombia and Medellin’s turbulent history.

Pro Tip: Take a walking tour with Free Zippy Walking Tour. The guides all live in Comuna 13 and provide a firsthand account of life here now and how it was in the past.

A street in Cartagena's Old Town. — Alison Browne / DreamerAtHeart.org

6. Explore Cartagena’s Old Town

Cartagena, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is Colombia’s gem sitting on the Caribbean Sea. It is a treasure to explore. Tiny streets are laden in cascading blooms and horses and buggies clatter along cobblestoned laneways. An ancient fortified wall, brightly colored facades, preserved colonial buildings, stunning churches, and shady plazas make it the perfect place to wander. No map required. Amble and marvel at this historic city that was founded in the 16th century.

Pro Tip: Sunset at Cafe del Mar is a highlight. Situated on the fortified wall, have a drink or dinner and watch the sun sink below the horizon

A street in Getsemani, Colombia. — Alison Browne / DreamerAtHeart.org

7. Listen To Local Music In Getsemani

Getsemani sits outside the fortified walls of Old Town Cartagena. Cross the park, Parque del Centenario, pausing to search for sloths hiding in the trees as you venture over to Getsemani. Less busy than the old town, there is a feeling of authenticity in Getsemani. Locals live here, men play board games in the streets, and each little cobbled lane is waiting to be explored. In the evening, head to the tucked away Plazaleta del Pozo, where furniture is refinished during the day, but at nighttime, it becomes a busy restaurant scene where local music fills the airwaves and the plaza hums with a lovely mix of locals and foreign visitors.

Pro Tip: Try the best street food at Colombitalia Arepas on Calle de San Andres. You’ll find it by the line-up.

My Favorite Places To Stay In Colombia

Medellin: Kolor Hotel Boutique, Carrera 33 No. 5G 23, El Plobado

Cartagena: Hotel Boutique Castillo Ines Maria CRA 2 #42-47 Barrio Cabrero

Minca: Casa Loma Minca, entrance to the left of the church, up the stairs

My Favorite Places To Eat In Colombia

Medellin: Mundo Verde (vegetarian and vegan options available) Cra. 37 #8a-28

Cartagena: La Cevicheria Calle Street No. 7-14

Salento: Rincon del Lucy Carrera 6 No. 4-02

Building your itinerary? Don’t miss the otherworldly salt cathedral of Zipaquira, Colombia, or the gorgeous “Liquid Rainbow” of Caño Cristales!

10 Things To Know When Planning A Visit To Alcatraz

Alcatraz Island sits so close to the city of San Francisco that it’s as if it’s beckoning to you to visit. It’s visible from all along the wharf and from the high hills of the city, and it’s sure to pique your curiosity.

You’ve likely heard of its reputation as a maximum-security prison, but the island is more than old buildings with barred windows. Alcatraz provides hours of fascinating sights. And the boat ride there, with its stunning views of the Golden Gate Bridge and San Francisco, makes the trip worthwhile before you even set foot on the island.

Tours of Alcatraz have grown in popularity, and you will want to book ahead to ensure you get a spot.

Here are 10 things to know before you go to ensure you enjoy your visit to the fullest.

Cell blocks on Alcatraz Island. — Sharon Odegaard

1. Be Sure To Book Ahead

If you postpone making a tour reservation until the week you are visiting San Francisco, you may be disappointed. Book at least a few weeks in advance, if possible — you can order tickets up to three months in advance. Only one company, Alcatraz Cruises, sells tickets for island tours. Go online and choose a day tour, night tour, or behind-the-scenes tour. Your ticket will be for a specific time. Boats depart until mid-afternoon, so even the last boat of the day will allow for plenty of time to tour Alcatraz.

Some sites sell bay cruise tickets that include “seeing” Alcatraz from the boat, but not landing there. Be sure to book through the official site if you want to do more than a sail-by.

2. Wear Layers And Comfortable Shoes

You’ll be walking up steep hills and old steps, so wear flat-soled shoes. I wore tennis shoes that were nicely cushioned, which turned out to be perfect for the somewhat uneven paths and worn stairways.

San Francisco can be chilly even in the summer, and fog and rain are common. A windbreaker jacket is a good idea at any time of year. Dress in layers if the weather is iffy.

The main prison on Alcatraz Island. — Sharon Odegaard

3. Arrive Early For Boarding At Pier 33

It’s tour day! With your pre-purchased timed ticket in hand, head for Pier 33 about a half-hour early to check in. The numbered piers on the wharf begin at the Ferry Building and go in order toward the popular Pier 39 and Fisherman’s Wharf just beyond. You’ll have no trouble finding Pier 33.

Board the boat at your assigned time and settle in for a lovely 20-minute cruise with views of the Bay Bridge, the Golden Gate Bridge, Angel Island, and the city of San Francisco. Little white sailboats dot the water. It’s quite a picturesque ride.

4. Pick Up An Audio Tour At The Cell Block

Disembark at the dock, right next to the iconic guard tower. Listen to the brief orientation talk given by a National Park Service guide, then head up a hill to the main attraction of your tour: the prison cell blocks. Alcatraz is best known for its years as a federal prison (from 1934 to 1963), though in earlier years it served as a fort.

Enter the main building, just as the prisoners did. When a prisoner arrived, clothes were issued, along with shaving equipment and other basics. The receiving area is set up to show you how this looked. Move through the communal shower area to pick up an audio tour in your language.

I often pass on audio tours, since they can be more cumbersome and distracting than helpful, but at Alcatraz, the audio guide will tell you exactly how to navigate the large building. Hearing the stories told by guards and prisoners will enrich your experience of Alcatraz.

5. You Can Experience A Jail Cell

At Alcatraz, you can go inside a few of the cells and get a good feel for life behind bars. Look out at your fellow tourists wandering the hallways at leisure and envy them.

When I first visited Alcatraz, a guide would shut the door of the solitary confinement cell, leaving you in total silence and darkness. That’s no longer an option — I’m guessing it was too frightening! But it’s still a remarkable experience to stand in the place where prisoners spent months and years and imagine their lives.

6. The Island Has Its Own Lighthouse

After hearing the stories of the prisoners and guards and wandering up and down the cell blocks, you’ll emerge from the main prison building, and right in front of you you’ll see a tall lighthouse. Built in 1854 at the tip of the island, the lighthouse burned in 1970, but most of it survived, and it is operational today.

The shell of a large house next to the lighthouse, with its prime view of the city, once housed the warden and his family. It also burned in 1970, but in its heyday it was a mansion surrounded by ornamental gardens.

The guard tower on Alcatraz Island. — Sharon Odegaard

7. Look For Signs Of The Native American Occupation

A water tower rises above the north end of the island, and it tells of another era in the history of Alcatraz. Native American activists from San Francisco occupied the island for 19 months starting in 1969. They claimed the land for “Indians of All Tribes” (the name the occupiers gave themselves). When the last occupiers were removed from the island by government officials, graffiti on some of the buildings as well as on the water tower remained: It now reads Peace and Freedom.

8. The National Park Service Tour Is Worth It

Alcatraz Island is now maintained and run by the National Park Service, which offers informative free tours throughout the day. Check the schedule of tours when you arrive at the dock.

I took the tour on escapes from Alcatraz and learned about the cell area where one escape attempt happened. The guide explained the differences between bar shapes and which were easier to saw through. I ended up returning to the cell blocks to study the bars and cells: Some bars were flat, and others were rounded. Details like that are what make the National Park Service tours so interesting.

Ruins of the old Officers' Club on Alcatraz Island. — Sharon Odegaard

9. The Old Officers’ Club Has Quite A History

Take a few minutes to examine the large ruined building just above the dock. This was at one time the Post Exchange and Officers’ Club. It’s mind-boggling that during its time as a federal prison, Alcatraz also housed the families of the prison officials in close proximity to the prisoners.

Those who were raised on Alcatraz remember the Officers’ Club fondly, recalling that they were almost unaware of the prison that stood a few yards away. The club featured a soda fountain and a bowling alley, and dances and parties regularly took place there. The children hopped on a boat to San Francisco for school each weekday.

10. Plan To Bring Your Own Food

I spent about four hours on Alcatraz. There’s plenty to see in that much time, but I was there at lunchtime, and I got hungry. No food is sold on the island, but you can pack snacks or a lunch, and I was so glad I did. Visitors are only allowed to eat in the picnic area beside the dock, which sounds restrictive. But there is a good reason for this. The island is a bird sanctuary and nesting site. The mission of the National Park Service is finding a balance between the high volume of visitation and the impact on the island’s wildlife. And sitting on a picnic bench, gazing at the skyline of San Francisco while munching on a deli sandwich is a great experience. You just need to plan ahead.

A day tour of Alcatraz will live in your memory for a long time. Stand on the island with the prison looming ominously above and sailboats gliding peacefully on the water below. You’ll find yourself imagining what life behind bars here was like, knowing that beauty and freedom were tantalizingly close but just out of reach.